- Periscope
- Bird in the Cage
- Musical Tubes
- Shortest Path
- Wave Motion
- Colour Disc
- Sympathetic Swing
- Double Cone
- Lever Mechanism
- Advantages of Pulley
- Gyroscope
- Sun Dial
- Echo Tube
- Archimedes Pump
- Angular Momentum
- Newton's Wheel
1. MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE BY PULLEYS
Pulleys are simple machines used to gain mechanical advantage in lifting heavy loads. The simplest pulley system consists of a single pulley wheel and a rope. While this basic setup does not increase the lifting force, it changes the direction of the force, making it easier to lift objects by pulling down instead of lifting up.
2. ARCHIMEDES PUMP
The Archimedes pump, also known as the Archimedes screw, is a simple machine designed to raise water from a lower level to a higher level. This ingenious device converts kinetic energy into potential energy, enabling the efficient transport of water against gravity.
3. CAGED BIRD
The Caged Bird illusion is a fascinating demonstration of the phenomenon known as persistence of vision. This effect occurs when pictures of a bird and an empty cage are pasted on opposite sides of a rectangular sheet of metal, which can be spun around a vertical axis using a handle fixed to a gear at the base. When the metal sheet is spun at low speeds, the bird and the cage are seen separately, alternating in succession. However, when the sheet is spun at a sufficiently high speed, the observer perceives a steady image of the bird inside the cage.
4. COLOUR DISC ON HEAT ABSORPTION
The Colour Disc on Heat Absorption is a captivating demonstration that illustrates how different colours absorb heat differently. This simple yet effective model consists of a rotating disc with sections painted in various colours. By exposing the disc to a source of heat, you can observe how the colours react differently to the heat, providing insights into the principles of heat absorption.
5. DOUBLE CONE MOVING AGAINST THE GRADIENT
When you place a double cone at the narrow end of a 'V' shaped rail, it starts moving towards the wider end, giving the illusion that it is moving uphill. However, this is not the case. The key to understanding this phenomenon lies in the centre of mass of the double cone.
6. GYROSCOPE
A gyroscope is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity. It operates on the principles of angular momentum and rotational motion, which allow it to resist changes to its orientation. This fascinating instrument is widely used in various applications, from navigation systems in airplanes and ships to smartphones and video game controllers.
7. LEVER MODEL
A Lever model consists of a beam of adjustable length made of two concentric pipes, one sliding inside the other and is pivoted at a fixed hinge or fulcrum. The design allows for a heavy load to be attached at one end. By applying a small force (effort) over a greater distance at the other end, the lever can lift the large load over a small vertical distance.
8. WAVE MOTION
A wave motion model demonstrates the fundamental principles of how waves travel through different mediums, showcasing the behaviour and properties of waves in a visually and physically engaging manner. This model can illustrate various types of waves, including transverse and longitudinal waves, and their interactions with their environment.
9. SUN DIAL
A sundial is an ancient timekeeping device that uses the position of the sun to indicate the time of day. It operates on the principle of the sun casting a shadow on a marked surface, with the position of the shadow correlating to the time. A sundial consists of a flat plate, known as the dial and a stick or a triangular blade called the gnomon.
